Forestry Worker Cooperatives in Quebec

Quebec has a concentration of cooperatives in the forestry sector: over 30 worker cooperatives, as well as several multi-stakeholder and producer cooperatives. The companies range from 50 to 800 workers, employing more than 3,000 people in total. They have their roots in the parish economic organizing of the 1930s and 40s, when northern communities sought better conditions than the foreign-owned pulp and paper mills were offering. The first forestry co-op was formed in 1938.  Within a decade there were more than 20, and by the late 1960s there were more than 160, spread throughout the large province.

When the Parti Québécois was elected in the 1970s they saw the forestry cooperatives as an ally in rural economic development and resource management goals.  The province passed supportive legislation: 50% of all logging contracts on state lands  would be earmarked for cooperatives. They also incentivized the co-ops to merge and scale up. Mechanization transformed the sector in the 1980s,  boosting productivity, but requiring more capital, which further drove consolidation and mergers.   

With the new government partnership the cooperatives formalized a network in 1979, which in 2005 became  a trade association, the Fédération Québécoise des Coopératives Forestières (FQCF).  90% of the forestry co-ops are members.  Many of the cooperatives have diversified to include forest management and replanting services alongside logging. Some have also expanded vertically in the supply chain, buying out saw mills and distribution companies. 

2010s

2000s

Earlier 

Video

  • L’histoire des coopératives forestières du Québec (2012)  partie 1, partie 2

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